Sten Gun in World War II

The Sten submachine gun was a weapon developed for use by British and Commonwealth forces during World War II, while the Lee-Enfield Rifle was the standard issue. It takes its name from the last names of its designers, Major Reginald V. Shepherd and Harold J. Turpin, and Enfield. Intended to be simple to build, the Sten was employed across all theaters of the conflict and was retained by many militaries for several decades after the war. The Sten also saw extensive use by resistance groups in Europe during the conflict and its easy to construct design permitted some to produce their own variations. Development During the early days of World War II, the British Army purchased large numbers of Thompson submachine guns from the United States under Lend-Lease. As American factories were operating at peacetime levels, they were unable to meet the British demand for the weapon. Following their defeat on the Continent and the Dunkirk Evacuation, the British Army found itself short on weapons with which to defend Britain. As sufficient numbers of Thompsons were unavailable, efforts moved forward to design a new submachine gun that could be built simply and cheaply. This new project was led by Major Reginald V. Shepherd, OBE of The Royal Arsenal, Woolwich, and Harold John Turpin of the Design Department of the Royal Small Arms Factory, Enfield. Drawing inspiration from the Royal Navys Lanchester submachine gun and the German MP40, the two men created the STEN. The weapons name was formed by using Shepherd and Turpins initials and combining them with EN for Enfield. The action for their new submachine gun was a blowback open bolt in which the movement of the bolt loaded and fired the round as well as re-cocked the weapon. Design Problems Due to the need to quickly manufacture the Sten, construction consisted of a variety of simple stamped parts and minimal welding. Some variants of the Sten could be produced in as few as five hours and contained only 47 parts. An austere weapon, the Sten consisted of a metal barrel with a metal loop or tube for a stock. Ammunition was contained in a 32-round magazine which extended horizontally from the gun. In an effort facilitate use of captured 9 mm German ammunition, the Stens magazine was a direct copy of one used by the MP40. This proved problematic as the German design utilized a double column, single feed system that led to frequent jamming. Further contributing to this issue was the long slot along the side of the Sten for the cocking knob which also allowed debris to enter the firing mechanism. Due to the speed of the weapons design and construction it contained only basic safety features. The lack of these led to the Sten having a high rate of accidental discharge when hit or dropped. Efforts were made in later variants to correct this problem and install additional safeties. Sten Gun Cartridge: 9 x 19mm ParabellumCapacity: 32-round detachable box magazineMuzzle Velocity: 1,198 ft./sec.Weight: approx. 7.1 lbs.Length: 29.9 in.Barrel Length: 7.7 in.Rate of Fire: 500-600 rounds per minuteSights: Fixed peep rear, post frontAction: Blowback-operated, open bolt Variants The Sten Mk I entered service in 1941 and possessed a flash hider, refined finish, and wooden foregrip and stock. Approximately 100,000 were produced before factories switched to the simpler Mk II. This type saw the elimination of the flash hider and hand grip, while possessing a removable barrel and shorter barrel sleeve. A rough weapon, over 2 million Sten Mk IIs were built making it the most numerous type. As the threat of invasion eased and production pressure relaxed, the Sten was upgraded and built to a higher quality. While the Mk III saw mechanical upgrades, the Mk V proved to be the definitive wartime model. Woman worker poses with finished Sten submachinegun, 1942. Library and Archives Canada Essentially a Mk II built to a higher quality, the Mk V included a wooden pistol grip, foregrip (some models), and stock as well as a bayonet mount. The weapons sights were also upgraded and its overall manufacture proved more reliable. A variant with an integral suppressor, dubbed the Mk VIS, was also built at the request of the Special Operation Executive. On par with the German MP40 and U.S. M3, the Sten suffered the same problem as its peers in that its use of 9 mm pistol ammunition severely restricted accuracy and limited its effective range to approximately 100 yards. An Effective Weapon Despite its issues, the Sten proved an effective weapon in the field as it dramatically increased the short-range firepower of any infantry unit. Its simplistic design also allowed it to fire without lubrication which reduced maintenance as well as made it ideal for campaigns in desert regions where oil could attract sand. Used extensively by British Commonwealth forces in Northern Africa and Northwest Europe, the Sten became one of the iconic British infantry weapons of the conflict. Both loved and hated by troops in the field, it earned the nicknames Stench Gun and Plumbers Nightmare. American officer and French partisan with a Sten crouch behind an auto during a street fight in a French city, 1944. National Archives and Records Administration The Stens basic construction and ease of repair made it ideal for use with Resistance forces in Europe. Thousands of Stens were dropped to Resistance units across occupied Europe. In some nations, such as Norway, Denmark, and Poland, domestic production of Stens began in clandestine workshops. In the final days of World War II, Germany adapted a modified version of the Sten, the MP 3008, for use with its Volkssturm militias. Following the war, the Sten was retained by the British Army until the 1960s when it was fully replaced by the Sterling SMG. Other Users Produced in large numbers, the Sten saw use around the world after World War II. The type was fielded by both sides of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. Due to its simple construction, it was one of the few weapons that could be produced domestically by Israel at that time. The Sten was also fielded by both the Nationalists and Communists during the Chinese Civil War. One of the last large-scale combat uses of the Sten occurred during the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War. On a more notorious note, a Sten was used in the assassination of Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in 1984.

College Degree At The University Of Iowa - 811 Words

Statement of Purpose When I first came to the U.S and started to purse a college degree at the University of Iowa, I tried a variety of courses, including chemistry, biology, art, and so forth, and most courses did not elicit strong interests in me but lowered my overall GPA a great deal, until I took a course Motivational Interviewing in which the Professor inspired me in learning how to motivate and pursue clients to resolve ambivalence. I was immediately drawn by the study of persuasion and mental health counseling. After the course, I decided to keep exploring my interests in this field and I was informed that the best major for me would be psychology which later became life-time career goal! At that time, I believed I would be a mental health counselor, so I found an internship in Iowa that was to take care of an individual with severe disabilities by providing physical supports as well as consultation. Last summer, I passed the beginning mental health counselor test and acquired the certificate in China. Then I took another internship over the summer at a local mental health hospital and practiced psychoanalysis counseling under supervision. During my time as an intern, I learned that so many patients in the hospital have had severe trauma, difficult living situations, relational problems, and received pressures from friends, family, and the society because of their minority statues (e.g., disability, sexuality, etc.). I soon realized that even though mental healthShow MoreRelatedPersonal Statement : C Participation1418 Words   |  6 Pagesleadership and citizenship. Explain how your 4-H experiences have helped you in your first year or two of college. Leaving high school and going to college can be a very difficult time for many students. You literally leave almost all your friends that you’ve known your whole life and go out on your own. 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Client and Customer Relationship Management and Strategies Assignment

Essays on Client and Customer Relationship Management and Strategies Assignment The paper "Client and Customer Relationship Management and Strategies" is a worthy example of an assignment on marketing. As Edward Gibbon puts it, we cannot specifically certain the possible height the human species is aspiring to achieve in his own heart. In his quote, he says that we can accept in a comforting position that every generation of the world is increasing in terms of the real wealth, happiness, the knowledge and at times the morals as well. This affirms the use of technology that has taken the whole world with surprise. Use of technology is applicable in every discipline how much more is it applicable in the department of Client and Customer Relationship Management and Strategy with the ever-increasing population. Walter Disney a businessperson, came with an idea to solve the problem of a long queue in the field of business through the use of technology.Disney was a popular person in the American animation Industry. He was a producer, director voice actor, and screenwr iter. He was a significant figure in the world of entertainment. As a businessman in the Hollywood industry, he founded the Walter Disney Production Company in cooperation with his brother Roy Disney. The company later changed the name to Wilt Disney Company which was best known in film production. Disney was well known as an innovator in the field of film production. The main question is how could he use his innovation to improve CRM in his business. This paper will help us underscore some of the technological innovations he used to solve business growth problems to ensure customer relationship management.As the business grows, the customers stream in to get services to meet their needs. Customers sometimes get it difficult to be served due to the long lines making them for long hence tiring them. This was the case in Walt Disney World Company which handled more than 30 million visitors annually. One of the strategies he used was to fit an underground operation center known as Disn ey’s’ Operation Center. Within the center, there were technicians who could tell that you are on the line and most probably annoyed of the stay. For this matter, they could look for a mission to get out of the line very fast. To manage their clients who were over 30 million without one going unsatisfied Wilt Disney World turned the art of controlling the crowd into a science.Wilt Disney World regarded as being the best and happiest place in the world was eager to fasten the movement of the line in the company. Therefore, they shifted into a culture of impatience within the customers. Clients were fed with video games and smartphones to keep them busy before they were served.As a result of the increasing number of clients, Disney fitted the underground nerve center to deal with the problem of low technology in the firm that might lead to long queues making the clients feel dissatisfied. The new underground center was under the supervision of Cinderella Castle.

Professional Media Workshop

Question: Identify research based evaluation methods to justify budget and strategy. Answer: Monitoring and Evaluation Planning of those activities that were monitored Research-Based Evaluation Method to Justify the Budget and Strategy The process of the monitoring could be done through the quantitative analysis of evaluation. The particular form of evaluation would be cost effective since the number of people, who would require, in case of a qualitative analysis, is less. Therefore, in case of qualitative analysis, the budget that is there for the research will not be sufficient and thus it could cause problem at the same time. Therefore, conducting evaluation with the help of questionnaire is more appropriate, than that analysis, which required recruitment of the participants. The doctors and the nurses of various hospitals could be the main participants for the analysis, who will help in the evaluation (Creswell 2013). The people who are dealing with the legal cases related to Euthanasia, would also be selected for the purpose of evaluation in a quantitative way. Measuring Out Comes and Key Measuring Areas In case of a quantitative analysis, things are based mostly on the numerical and the data that are being collected. Therefore, in case of a quantitative evaluation or analysis the statistical analysis is the more appropriate way of analyzing or measuring the outcome. The data collected, forms the part of the measuring in case of a quantitative research. Cost of Evaluation The cost of evaluation would not be more since a quantitative analysis need few questionnaires and some computer-based tools. In case, there is a requirement of providing photo type it could increase the cost of evaluation at the same time. Key Performance Indicators There are two kinds of variables in case of a quantitative analysis and these are the continuous and discrete analysis. The concrete analysis, include the integers and decimals, and even the measurement such as dollars and kilograms and the discrete variables, which include, accidents, complaints and things like that. Therefore, these are the Key performance indicator in this particular case (Barr 2016).. References Barr, S. (2016).Quantitative Versus Qualitative KPIs | Stacey Barr. [online] Staceybarr.com. Creswell, J.W., 2013.Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications.